Furious Massachusetts legislators once got a Yahoo banned
in the Bay State because they were offended by a religious cartoon it
published.
In print.
We're not talking about the Yahoo! we know today that was
founded in 1994 to guide computer users through the World Wide Web, which began
in 1990.
The printed Yahoo magazine guided readers to jokes,
cartoons and humor about what was funny in the lives of college students at the
University of Massachusetts, back when you didn't have to designate Amherst.
The magazine and its controversy is being recalled this summer at UMass' W.E.B. Du Bois Library Learning Commons in a display of student publications through the years. (Details below.)
Yahoo was first published in 1954, before, you could argue, the Internet was launched. Students created long articles, short jokes ("I
think Jim and Sally were the cutest couple on the floor last night."
"Oh, did you go to a dance?" "No, to a fraternity party.")
and cartoons lampooning sex, beatniks, later hippies, The Draft, ROTC, Greeks
and, of course, campus administrators.
Yahoo editors wrote of the magazine: "The general
atmosphere it created was one of nausea occasionally punctuated with a burst of
genuine satiric humor."
O tempora! O mores!
By the mid-60s, the times, as singer Bob Dylan attested
then, were a-changin' and state leaders were losing traditions and control over
society. In Spring 1966, a woman
first ran the Boston Marathon, the Supreme
Court overturned the Commonwealth's ban on English lit porn "Fanny
Hill," and, worst of all horrors, Yahoo printed this unsigned four-panel cartoon:
The cartoon that offended Catholics proved too much for the
Puritan state.
Complaints mounted. Six weeks after Yahoo published the
cartoon, according to news accounts of the time, fury boiled over. According to
news accounts of what happened May 12, 1966:
In Boston:
- Gov. John A. Volpe ordered an investigation.
- Sen. Kevin B. Harrington, D-Salem, showed the magazine to his colleagues, who voted 34-3 after a brief debate to create a five-member committee to investigate Yahoo and all UMass student publications. "I will not stand for an attack on my religion," he said. "Whoever is responsible for this magazine is going to go. There are going to be hard days ahead for the University of Massachusetts, and I predict that heads will roll."
- The 6-foot-7 Harrington drew himself up in front of University President John W. Lederle at a Capitol hearing room where Lederle was testifying before a Senate committee about the school's $34.5 million budget. Harrington threw the offending Yahoo on the table and demanded Lederle explain why state funds were being used to produce a magazine offending state Catholics. Lederle told Harrington he agreed the cartoon was in bad taste and that a review was already underway.
Back in Amherst:
- A university spokesman issued a statement assuring taxpayers no state funds paid for the magazine, just student activity assessments.
- Roger C. Jones, Yahoo editor, issued a statement that the cartoon was being misinterpreted and was intended as "a light social commentary on the lightheartedness, if not bigotry, with which religion is treated by a minority of contemporary society. ... "Unfortunately this cartoon has been construed by individuals as a piece of the same bigotry which in actuality it was intended to satirize."
- Msgr. David J. Power of the campus' Newman Center for Catholic students, called the cartoon "blasphemous" and "offensive to a majority of students, Catholics and non-Catholic alike."
In Springfield, Bishop Weldon, who earlier brought
attention to the cartoon, was quoted as saying the maturity of students rather than
freedom of the press was at issue: "These students are not quite
housebroken."
About 3,500 students signed a petition calling for the
student Senate to organize a Free Press Committee.
A planned march on Beacon Hill was called off when Harrington
agreed to squelch the probe as UMass officials assured him college administrators
were "on top of the situation."
The Yahoo staff answered with a supposedly innocuous Commencement
1966 edition -- except for this cartoon depicting the editors' assessment of the Capitol:
Administrators squelched Yahoo funds.
The Student Senate held hearings the following academic
year.
 |
| Yahoo cartoon, 1971 |
In 1968-69 students published an "unmentionable"
campus humor magazine under the titles "Magazine" and "NO¢",
according to UMass archives. The Yahoo name returned to campus in 1969 with
trustees' approval. The last issues of Yahoo were published in 1973, when the
Student Senate decided to pull funding for waning interest rather than
offensiveness.
About the display
The W.E.B. Du Bois library exhibit, "Student
Voices: UMass Student Publications through the Years,"
showcases student
publications from the Special Collections and University Archives department.
"We have one or two issues of Yahoo in there and mention the controversy," Kirstin Kay, archivist, told us in an email.
The exhibit may be seen in the Learning Commons during regular library hours through the end of August.
Kay supplied further details from the university:
"Since almost the time of first arrival of students at
Massachusetts Agricultural College in 1867, the college's students have
taken an active role in publishing items for their own consumption.
Beginning with the appearance of the first yearbook, put together by the
pioneer class during their junior year in 1870 and followed by publication
of the first, short-lived newspaper, The College Monthly, in 1887, students
have been responsible for dozens of publications from literature to humor
to a range of politically and socially oriented periodicals. ... The exhibit has samples of
newspapers, yearbooks, cultural, literary, and humor magazines. The display
also includes limited production, World War II-era newspapers produced by
the 58th College Training Detachment (Air Crew) of the U.S. Army Air Forces
stationed at UMass and the temporary campus for returning veterans at Ft.
Devens."
One more thing: Library fixed
It is supposedly safe to go into the library now.
Construction on the 296.5-foot tower began in 1969, under
the direction of Lederle, a year before he retired as a president who oversaw many construction projects, and then-Provost Oswald
Tippo.
The tower promptly started
falling apart after it was formally opened as the "University Library"
on June 26, 1973. Falling bricks spurred students to nickname the library
alternately as "Lederle's Last Erection" and "Tipp-over Tower."
After closure in 1979 and limited use for a few years, the
building was fully restored and operating again in the 1986-87 academic year.
Trustees renamed the tower in 1994 to honor Civil Rights
activist W.E.B. Du Bois. The Department of Special Collections and University
Archives hosts his "superlative collection" on the 25th floor.
